The Several Likely Causes Of Bee Colony Collapse Syndrome
Beekeepers have always suffered losses of their domesticated bees but in the past those losses were gradual and the beekeeper was always able to ascertain the cause, usually a bacteria, mite or some other germ and take helpful action. Not so with colony collapse disorder, (sometimes called colony collapse syndrome or colony collapse disease). With colony collapse disease more honey bees are dying off faster with no open-and-shut reason and because only the queen and a few worker bees are left alive the colony dies.
The vanishing honey bees is still a mystery. As yet there has been no firm hard information to point to any one cause for their end of life. This has led to the premise that there is more than one cause to colony collapse disorder (CCD). Reasonable causes are:
Genetically modified crops
An investigation carried out by a beekeeper, John McDonald, seems to suggest that genetically modified crops could be the cause of colony collapse syndrome. He placed eight honey bee colonies in an area where the honey bees would have no association with genetically modified crops and an equivalent number of honey bee hives on farms that grew GMO's. At the end of the season in October the results of the honey collecting of both sets of bees was examined. The results between the two sets of honey bee colonies were very dissimilar.
The 8 non-GMO bee colonies produced 150 pounds of honey, per hive, in the over-wintering brood supers. Plus, between them, the eight colonies produced 200 pounds of extra honey. The farm bees, on the other hand, had produced no extra honey and had not even packed the over-wintering brood supers. These farm honey bees will require feeding in order to get by the winter.
Pesticides
The pesticide believed to be the main culprit in causing colony collapse syndrome is nicotine-based Clothianidin, an insecticide in the neonicotinoid family. In Germany researchers found that 99 percent of expired bees had high levels of Clothianidin in their bodies. As a result the seven pesticides in the neonicotinoid family have been provisionally forbidden.
In the US imidacloprid seems to be the pesticide causing the most colony collapse syndrome. For example in North Dakota one third of colonies died after imidacloprid was applied on oil seed rape.
Mobile phones
Is the electromagnetic radiation given off by cell phones interfering with the honey bee's direction system thus preventing the bees from finding their way back to the hive. Some detective work carried out by Dr Jochen Kuhn shows that bees do not like going back to their hives when a mobile phone is located near the bee hive. If bees are trying to flee from cell phone radiation then this could elucidate why they are getting lost and unable to find their way home.
Foodstuff
Honey bees normally use natural material like pollen, sap, nectar, or other botanical materials, for modification into honey. When beekeepers take away this honey, which the bees would normally eat up over winter, and replace it with High Fructose Corn Syrup a natural raw foodstuff is being replaced with a highly processed dead foodstuff. HFCS is lacking in the many minerals and vitamins found in honey so the bees are forced to eat inferior food which results in their poor health and incapacitated immune systems.
So what is the cause of bee colony collapse disorder. Probably a combination of all of the above though GMOs, and the neonicotinoid pesticides, seem to be the main factors which has caused the dramatic increase in bees disappearing.
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